Apparatus for automatically manufacturing shells for dynamite



m0 Model. 1 9 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. P. HALL. APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIGALLY MANUFACTURING SHELLSIOR DYNAMITE. No. 520,922. A Patented JllIlP 5, 1894. r

(-No Model.) 9 She'ts Sheet 2.

H. P. HALL. APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY MANUFACTURING SHELLS FOR DYNAMITE.

No. 520,922. Patented June 5, 1894.

AA M S1 4mw H 6 h v GU QuN U I Rd U6 m 6 Ft .Uow LN MA ITE.

DYNAM (No Model.) I

H. P. H APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY 24455266368; fzzven n Z4 LAz41J1/AmW7g /a (No Model.) 9 SheetsJSheet 4.

H. P. HALL. APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY MANUFACTURING SHELLS FOR DYNAMITE. No. 520,922. Patented June 5, 1894.

(N0 ModelQ) 9 Sheets'$heet 5.

H. P.- HALL. APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY MANUFACTURING SHELLS FOR DYNAMITE.

Patented June 5,1894.

9 Sheets-Sheet 6.

(N0 M0de1.)

H. P. HALL. APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY MANUFACTURING SHELLS FOR DYNAMITE. No. 520,922. Patented June 5, 1894.

L A IIINN (No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 7.

H. P. HALL. APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC-ALLY MANUFACTURING SHELLS FOR DYNAMITE.

No. 520,922. Patented June 5, 1894.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 8.

H. P. HALL.

APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY MANUFACTURING SHELLS FOR DYNAMITE.

No. 520,922. Pater ted J (No Model.) 9 SheetsShet 9.

H. P. HALL. APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY MANUFACTURING SHELLS FOR DYNAMITE. No. 520,922. Patented June 5, 1894.

- Unrrnn STATES PATENT GFFICE.

IIIRAM P. HALL, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY MANUFACTURlNG SHELLS FOR DYNAMITE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 529,922, dated June 5,4894.

Application filed June 24, 1892.

To all whom it nmyconcern:

Be it known that I, HIRAM P. HALL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Apparatus for Automatically ltlanufacturing Shells for Dynamite, &o., .of

which the following is a specification,

My invention relates to a new mode of auto-- and at the same time produce better results than have previously been attained by man ual labor alone.

IIeretofore shells have been manufactured almost entirely by hand, which is an operation expensive, laborious and slow, and without uniformity in the product. In the manufacture of shells as is now usually practiced, the paper is rolled into a tube, the lapping edges thereof pasted, and the end folded in entirely by hand. Sometimes, however, the rolling of the paper and the pastingof the edges is done'by machinery, the resulting product being a long roll of paper which is cut into properlengths, the end of which is folded in by hand as before. No practical means, however, have heretofore been devised whereby the paper which is cut into the proper size and shape is rolled, pasted, and-one ofits ends folded in to form a bottom in continuous and consecutive automatic movements of machinery. It is very obviousthen that the previous, as well as the existing methods of making paper shells, not embodying my invention, are open tomany serious objections in addition to those already referred to, chief among which may be named the limited productidn, and the lack of uniformity and perfection in the'product.

To overcome the aforementioned difficulties and objections by the employment of a new method of operation, and to embody advantages and successful results not heretofore attained in the art of making shells is the-object of the present invention.

My invention also' relates to various other novel features of construction, and combina- Serial No. 437,907. (No model.)

tion of parts,and consistsin the features and details of construction hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my machine; Fig. 2 a view looking at the right hand end of the same; Fig. 3 a similar view looking at the left-hand end; Fig. 4: a cross section on line at of Fig. viewed-in the direction indicated by the arrow; Fig. 5

a view on the same line looking in the oppo-. site direction, as indicated by the arrow (5).

Fig 6 is a detail view showing the relative po 'sition of the paste-box and carrier, said carrier about to take afresh piece of paper from the pastebox and convey it to the mandrel. In this position, the preceding piece of paper on the mandrel is approiimately in the position shown in the drawings. Fig. 7 a detail View, showing the cams on the main shaft which operate -the sealing jaws, the lower one of.

said jaws being shown in contact with the lower side of the mandrel, asit is immediately after the forward end of the paper on the mandrel has passed the center line; Fig. 8 a.front view of the carrier; Fig. 9 a plan view of the same; Fig. 10 adeta'il View showing the side of-the paste-box on which the mechanism for turning the paste-roller is attached,-full.rliries representing said mechanism in its position when the paste-box is up, dotted lines showingit in the position when .the paste-box is down, and indicating manner in which it turnst-he paste-roller; Fig. 11 a detail view of the bell crank and attachments, full lines illustrating one extreme position, and'dotted lines the other, and showing the manner in which the heading plunger is drawn in toward the mandrel to compress the bottom of the shell; Fig. 12 a detail plan view of the wedge which operates the mandrel jaws; Fig. 1'5 a detail, sectional view on line 13 of Fig. 1, showing locking device on the mandrel shaft and dotted position of the cam which operates it; Fig. let a detail rear elevation of the folding mechanism, showing the position of the camway when all of the fingers are withdrawn from the center; Fig. 15 a similar view, showing the camway when one of the fingers has been advanced toward the center in their operation of folding the end of the shell; Fig. 16 a similar viewshowing the position of the camway when the next 1 clamps; Fig. 22

succeeding finger has been advanced toward the center to meet the preceding finger, so as to clamp the paper in the act of folding, while the said preceding finger is being withdrawn entirely from the center; Fig. 17 ascotional view on line 17 of Fig. 16, viewed in the direction of the arrow, showing the camway in the rotating disk and the slots in the stationary disk. in which the'pins on the folding fingers are free to move in their advancing and retreating motion of folding the end of the shell, the position of the shell being shown in dotted lines; Fig. 18 a detail view on line 18 of Fig. 1, showing the locking device on the bevel pinion which operates the pitman and the sleeve for removing the completed shell from the mandrel; Fig. 19 a detail view on line 19 of Fig. 5, showing thepitman connection between the sleeve which .slides on the mandrel and the bevel pinion; Fig. 20 a detail, sectional view on line 20 of Fig. 1, showing the heading plunger with its connections to the bell-crank and the yielding lever for cushioning thereeoil of said plunger; Fig. 21 a longitudinal, sectional view on line 21 of Fig. 1, viewed in the direction indicated by the arrow, showing the mechanism for opening the mandrel jaws or a detail view on line 22 of Fig. 1, viewed as indicated by the arrow and showing the dog for locking the folding device to prevent it from turning only at predetermined periods; Fig. 23 a detail view on line 28 of Fig. 1, showing the shoulder or lug on the sliding bar, against which the-lug on the disk contacts to operate the bell-crank; Fig. 21 a detail view on line 21 of Fig. 1, showing connection. between plunger and rod which connects with bell-crank; Fig. 25 a sectional view of the mandrel on line 25.01? Fig. 21; Fig. 20 a side elevation of a portion of the mandrel, showing longitudinal slot therein and jaws; Fig. 27 a perspective view of one of the jaws detached, showing the tooth which grips the paper; Fig. 28 a perspective. view of a completed shell showing the folded end; and Fig. 29 an enlarged view showing a modified form of construction of rocking fingers for the paste box.

In constructingmy machine, I first make a bed or table a: of any suitable material, preferably metal, and of proper dimensions to accommodate and support the various attachments and parts which constitute such machine. Supported upon the table, and mounted in suitable bearings secured to such table, is the main shaft A, which is connected by means of the train of gears a, a to the tight and loose pulleys a which are properly journaled. The main shaft'A carries two disks 1 and C, having inwardly extending peripheral flanges, which disks are located on the said shaft, preferably as shown in the drawings. Upon the periphery of the disk 13 Isecure in any convenient manner the peripheral, segmental gear 13, which consists of a predetermined number of teeth. At a prop" point distant from this gear, I secure another peripheral, segmental gear ]3 which also consists of a predetermined number of teeth. Upon the inner side of the inwardly extending flanges of the disk B is located the segmental bevel gear B which consists likewise of a particular number of teeth, for a purpose hereinafter specified.

Upon the bed or table a", as shown in the drawings, is mounted the mandrel shaft D, which is jonrnaled in proper bearings. This shaft is hollow and carries at one end a pinion D, which meshes with the two segmental gears l3 and B arranged upon the periphery of the disk B. The other end of this shaft D is adapted to receive a mandrel or former E, which rotates with the shaft and whose object is to form the body of the shell, as will be hereinafter more particularly described. Upon this thaft D I secure a flanged sleeve D which is provided with two notches (Z and (Z, located at predetermined points to receive the spring dog (Z The construction and op eration of this dog will be apparent from an inspection of the drawings (see Figs. 5 and 13). It is held into engagement by means of a suitable spring, and, at a predetermined moment, that is, when it is desired that the mandrel shaft I.) should rotate (either one of the peripheral, segmental gears being about to mesh with the pinion D) the dog is released from engagement with the sleeve against the tension. of the spring, by means of the two cams l) and Z) secured to the flange of the disk 13. These cams are located at predetermined points to release the dog at the proper time, so that the mandrel shaft shall be free to retate through such engagement of the segmental gears on the disk ll with the pinion 1).

The disk (1, upon the main shaft A, is somewhat similar in construction to the disk 13. Upon the periphery of the disk ,0 is secured the segmental gear 0, which consists of a certain number of teeth, adapted to mesh with the pinion C This pinion is keyed to or made a part of a movable disk 0, which rotatcs upon its shoulder or bearing 0 of another disk 0, which is stationary and firmly secured in any suitable manner to the table. This movable disk has a hollow center, and is provided with a camway F, of the particular form shown in Figs. 14, 15 and 16 of the drawings. The stationary disk 0' is provided with grooves or channels radiating toward its hollow center. These grooves are to accommodate the fingers F, which are provided with pinsf, adapted to travel in the camway F, and thus through the rotation of the movable disk 0 to advance and withdraw the fingers to and from the center of the folder in theirsuccessive order. These fingers are constructed preferably of metal and in the form shown in the drawings, wherein it is observed that the lower corners are rounded off, in order to prevent tearing of the paper. They may be of any suitable dimensions, and of any particular number.

Referring now to the drawings, it will be observed that the contour of the camway is not perfect, but is broken at determined intervals to regulate the proper advancement.

and withdrawal of each fingerf By this particular construction of camway, each finger will be advanced toward the center in two intermittent movements, but be withdrawn therefrom at a single movement. In this way the second finger proceeds to fold its proportionate part of the end of the shell before the first finger has been withdrawn, so that the first fold is held from unfolding until the succeeding fold is fairly made, when the first tin ger will retreat from the center. The operation of the succeeding fingers isthe same, of course, as the first and second. When each fingeris thus atrest for amoment, the pin on the finger is at that point in the cam which is on the circumference of a.

circle, whose center is the center point of the movable disk. When thefinger is at rest, the previous finger has an opportunity to retreat; otherwise, the fingers would strike each other. I

In the disk 0', slots)" are'provided for the pins f, which operate in the camway to allow freedom of movement as they perform their functions. One of the fingers which is the last to operate is provided with a spring f which serves to withdraw it instantly from the center of the folding device for a purpose to behereinafter more fully explained. The

camway is of the peculiar form shown in the drawings, in order that the fingers may consecutively advance toward and be withdrawn from the center. The offset f in the camway permits the passage of the pin in the rapid withdrawal of the last finger through the medium of the spring f secured to such finger as heretofore described. Other means, however, may be employed to effect this rapid return; as for instance, the camway itself might be so constructed as to Withdraw it by its operation on the pin on the finger.

Pivoted'upon the table in any convenient manner as at a? is the lock arm 0 which normally engages in a notch 0 located in the movable disk 0 through means of the spring 0 as shown in the drawings. When the segmental gear upon the periphery of the disk 0 is about to mesh or engage with the pinion C and thus rotate it together with the movable disk (2, the lock arm is released from its engagement through the instrumentality of the cam secured to the outer surface of the disk 0 at a predetermined point thereon. This cam contacts withthe lock, forces it out of its engagement with the notch c in the movable disk 0 against the tension of the spring 0 Arranged preferably beneath the table is a belt crank G, pivoted-atg, to one end of which bell crank is attached a rod G. This rod is also connected to a downwardly projecting arm 9', whichis firmly secured to the heading plunger or more technically speaking a reciprocating piston II. This plunger is -sion (see Figs. 1 and 20).

mounted in any suitable framework attached to the end of the table, and is reciprocated back andforth therein as hereinafter described, to complete the operation offolding the bottom of the shell. The other end of said bell crank is attached in any suitable manner to a bar G sliding in any-suitable bearings, the said bar being provided with aprojecting lug g which is adapted to engage with a projecting ing or finger g suitably secured to the disk 0 at a predetermined point. To one of the arms of the bellcrank is connected the spring g in any convenient manner, whose object is to insure the rapid return of the plunger II to its original position. In order to ease and cushion the return of the: plunger, I provide an arm h, g

which is preferably pivoted upon one of the guiding bars of the frame 11', and at one side of the downwardly projecting arm g. The outer end of the pivoted or yielding lever is forced toward and contacts with this arm g,

by means of any spring 71/, of suitable ten- When in the rotation of the disk 0 the lug 9 located on such disk, contacts with the projecting arm g upon the sliding bar, it moves such bar in a horizontal direction toward the left (see Fig. 4). This movement operates the bell crank lever against the tension of the spring 9', and causes the heading plunger II to advance inwardly to ward the end of the mandrel E and to thereby contact with the bottom of the shell. The two extreme positions of the Various parts above described are shown in detail in'Fig. 11.

Then as soon as the disk (1 has rotated far enough to release the lug g from contact with the projecting arm, the sliding bar G is rapidly withdrawn and re turned to its original position by means of the spring g". In the same operation, the heading plunger ll willbe rapidly withdrawn and forced backward in the frame II, where it will contact with thepivoted arm or yielding lever h, which acts asa cushion, whereby the rapid return will be eased to prevent the breakage of any parts of the machine.

The end of the heading plunger is preferably provided with a removable head 7L2, which can be made in various sizes to correspond with the size of the recess in the end of the mandrel, as hereinafterdescribed. The

size of the recess, of course, varies wit-h the diameter of the mandrel used.

A spool I, mounted on a cross shaft 1' which is arranged in suitable bearings, is located slightly below the center line of the mandrel shaft D, and is actuated by any suitable means, preferably by the friction wheel i, which rotates by contact with the disk 0.

The purpose of this spool is to facilitate the removal of the completed shells beyond the line of the table after they have been thrust offthe mandrel in a manner hereinafter described.

Upon the table 01:, I secure brackets 7',j', supporting the shaft J, connected to a pastebox K, which contains the paste to be supplied to one edge of the shell. box consists essentially of a vessel of any suitable form and dimensions, althoughI prefer to make it of the segmental form and of the relative dimensions shown in the drawings. It can be made of any suitable material, the object being simply to provide a vessel which will be adapted to hold the paste, and which will afford means of attachment for the various parts necessary for its automatic operation. At one end of the shaft J carrying the paste-box, I secure in any convenient manner the crank arm j, which is connected by the pitmanj to the crank arm j on the main shaft A. The crank which is preferably slott'ed to admit of adjustment,

is shorter than the crank j, and consequently the rotation of the main shaft communicates a rocking motion to the paste-box K. It will be understood, of course, that communication may be had to the interior of the box in any suitable way to supply the pastethcreto; as for instance, through any kind of closable opening (notshown). The paste box is completely closed, except for a longitudinal slot in its upper side or circumference. This longitudinal slot 7i extends preferably throughout its entire length, and is closed by means-of a paste roller 70, resting in suitable bearings at the ends of the paste-box. This roller, thus communicating with the interior of the paste-box, is arranged to project slightly beyond its periphery or circumference, and is provided with the peripheral grooves 7.: Projecting over the roller are plates 716 which are preferably separate and secured to the paste-box, as shown in the drawings. These plates act as stops for the paper or other material of which the shell is to. be made, and serve to hold the paper upon the surface of the roller, so that the paste may be communicated thereto. Between the plates are spaces or interstices k which correspond with the peripheral grooves 70 in the paste roller it. Although I have shown these interstices and three grooves, I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to that particular number. Upon the top of the box, preferably in the position shown in the drawings, I locate an adjustable plate or guide L, secured in any suitable manner, whose object is to determine the position of the sheet of paper upon the box, so that each sheet will occupy the same position upon the mandrel. In order that the end of the shell may be perfectly folded, a certain proportion only of the body of such shell should be folded. When a large shell is to be made, the guide is moved a proper distance to the left (see Fig. 1), so that when the paper reaches the mandrel, such a length will project beyond the end of the mandrel as will be just snthcient for the bottom. When, however, a smaller shell is to be made, the guide is moved a proper distance to the right, so that on the smaller mandrel used, a less This paste-' able spring. .by bolts or otherwise, is a stationary bracket .to rotate the roller to keep a sufficient quantity or fresh supply of paste upon the top of the .roller. cure at one end of the paste roller, which projects beyond the sides of the paste-box, a ratchet wheel L To this roller is hung a swinging frame L, provided with a slot Z, and carrying the pawl Z, working upon the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and operated bya suit- Firmly secured upon the table,

arm L preferably of the form and in the position indicated in the drawings (see Fig. The end of this bracket arm is turned at right angles to fit into the slot Z of the swinging frame. In this manner, the rocking of the paste-box causes the swinging frame to rock back and forth upon the stationary bracket arm L thereby communicating an intermittent rotary motion to the feed roller 7t, thus exposing a supply of paste outside of the paste-box. It is apparent from an inspection of the drawings that when the paste box is rocked down, that is toward the left, as indicated in dotted lines (see Fig. 10) the swinging frame sliding upon the stationary bracket arm will be forced to swing upward, and the pawl engaging with the ratchet wheel will rotate said wheel, and with it the feed roller, toward the left. The returning of the paste-box to its original position, as indicated in full lines (Fig. 10) will cause the pawl to slip over several of the ratchet teeth and secure a new engagement upon the ratchet wheel, after which the same movements will be repeated at the proper time.

Extending from side to side upon the top surface of the paste-box, I arrange a thin plate l\.[, preferably of metal, and provided with fingers. This plate is secured to a rod m, adapted to bear or rock in the ears or extensions secured to the ends of the paste-box. At one end of this rod mI attach, in any suitable manner and at the proper angle, an arm m, of a proper length. As is preferred and also most convenient in the arrangement of the various plates, I have shown this arm as attached to the end of the rod m at the right hand side of the paste-box (Fig. 1). Upon the table I- firmly secure, by belts or in any other convenient manner, a bracket M, of a proper height. Now, it will be observed that as the paste-box is rocked downward, the arm art will contact with the bracket M, and thus rock the rod m, and thereby elevate or swing the plate M above the surface of the pastebox in order to raise the paper, as shown in dotted lines (Fig. 6). The object of the operation is to raise the paper so as to be caught To accomplish this result, 1 seunder the fingers, and to be guided thereby on its passage to the mandrel jaws, as herelnafter described. When a small shell is to be made, a smaller sheet of paper, of course, isused than for a larger shell. Consequently, to-extend beneath one edge of the paper, the rocking fingers must be advanced toward the paste roller to accommodate the smaller size of sheet, and be moved back away from the roller when a larger sheet is used. In Fig. 29, I have shown one method of adjustment of the plate or rocking fingers, wherein this plate is secured upon the upper face of a rod or plate, S, having its ends turned to form bearings, 3. slots, T, whereby it may be moved back and forth, and secured in the desired position by means of the bolts, 15, screwinginto the plate, S.

The various parts just described in connection with the operation of the paste-box are so constructed and arranged, and capable of adj ustment, that they will each perform their respective functions at the proper moment,

and in the proper manner.

Suitable boxes or bearings are arranged on and secured to the table to receive a rock shaft N, which projects at one end beyond the table, which end carries a crank arm a, connected bya pitman n to..the crank arm n on the main shaft A. The crank n is preferably slotted for adjustment. As the main shaft rotates the crank arm n being longer than the crank arm n the shaft will communicate a rocking motion to the shaft N. Preferably near the left hand end of thisrock shaft (see Fig. 1), I secure in any suitable manner the carrier device, which is clearly shown in Figs. 6, 8 and 9. It consists essentially of a frameworkcomposed of arms N secured to the rock shaft, and carrying at their outer ends a curved plate N, preferably with inwardly projecting flanges, and made of any suitable material. These flanges are preferably proment for the plate N.

vided with slots, to afford means of adjust- Upon this curved plate, as shown more particularly in Fig. 6 of the drawings, I secure. hooks n to take off the paper from the paste-box and hold it while it is being conveyed to the mandrel. Inasmuch as I have shown three grooves in the paste roller, so I have provided the plate N'- with: three books to correspond, the number of such books, &ce, however, being optional. It is to be observed that in order to properly perform its functions, the carrier must always travel in advance of the paste-box. This result I have accomplished by adjusting the crank arm n on one end of the main shaft A, slightly in advance of the crank arm n at the other end, so that the shaft N and the carrier device thereon will rock in advance,

The plate, M, is provided with that will guide the paper while being conveyed by the carrier to the mandrel aws. The preferable construction of the fingers is shown in the drawings. Instead of using a broad, flat surface, I prefer to use fiat strips, of metal or. any other suitable material, so placed that their edges only will be e2 pose d to the pasted edge of the paper. This construction is not liable to become smeared with the paste, and consequently does not re-f tard the passage of the paper, as would be the casewith a flat surface on which the paste might rapidly accumulate. To the arm 0, at

the main shaft, I secure a downwardly projecting leg 0', whose foot impinges upon a cam 0, arranged on said shaft. As the shaft rotates, the arm 0 and the fingers O',carr1ed thereon, will be elevated and lowered-by the action of the cam upon the foot of the projecting leg, for an object to be hereinafter explained.

As has been before described, the disk B is provided with an internal, segmental gear B consisting of apre-appointed number of teeth. This segmental gear, which is beveled, meshes or engages with a bevel gear B ournaled upon the table,and connected to the train of gears B and B", which actuate the shaft b At the free end of this shaft is secured in any suitable way a crank arm 12 which is connected to a pitman b. The other end of this pitman is connected to a sleeve fitting over and traveling upon a 8o a point situated immediately ina line above This sleeve b is provided with the forked extension b, which is received by a groove in another sleeve E, which is adaptedto travel along the mandrel. This latter sleeve E is mounted loose on the mandrel, but is prevented from moving lengthwise thereon until forced to do so by means of the movement of the pitman operated by the bevel gear. In-

asmuch as the gear B is segmental, the action of the pitman is intermittent, and the movement of the sleeve on the mandrel takes place at the required intervals to expel the completed shell from the mandrel as hereinafter described. Upon the edge of. the flange of the disk B is attached a cam b which is adapted to strike against the arm of a spring B which engages with a notch b in the 001- lar of the bevel pinion B, and prevents the rotation of the same when so engaged. The

spring dog B is secured to the table in any convenient manner, and is preferablyof the construction shown, particularly in Figs. 1

and 18. -The dog is normally held into engagementwith the notch in the collar by means of a spring;. but is released therefrom against the tensionof such spring by means of theimpinging of the cam b upon the-end of the arm of the dog. This cam is so located that it will release the dog from engagement at'the proper moment, thus permitting the shaft 1) to be free to rotate as soon as the bevel gears mesh with each other.

Upon the table, preferably in the position shown in the drawings, (see Figs. 4- and 7) I firmly secure two standards or supports I, P, in which are fulcrumed two sealing jaws I and P The upper jaw is preferably of the form shown in the drawings. Its end 11 is adapted to be advanced toward the mandrel and to press thereon, and then to be raised therefrom at the proper time. The other end of the upper jaw is provided with a yoke 19 between whose arms runs the main shaft. This yoke, as shown in the drawings, is made separate from the other parts of the jaw, and attached thereto by means of bolts or otherwise, although it is obvious that it may be made integral therewith. Upon the rear end of this yoke, the end of a spring p is attached (see Fig. 4). The other end of this spring is preferably fastened to the bent arm of a standard 19, supported upon the table. The tendency of the spring is to raise the yoke, and thus to lower the other end 19 of the jaw upon the surface of the mandrel. In order to operate the upper sealing jaw, the shaft A carries a cam 11 secured thereto in any convenient way, which is adapted to impinge upon the'yoke and to lower the rear end of the jaw against the tension of the spring 1), and thus to elevate and withdraw the other end p of the jaw from the mandrel. The lower jaw P is fulcrumed in the same manner as the upper jaw to the standards I, P. At a proper point beneath the table is a hanger Q (Fig. 4), upon whose lower end is fulcrumed a lever q, and carrying at one end a suitable weight q.- At the other end of this lever is connected, in any convenient manner, a rod g passing through a suitable opening in the table and pressing against the lower side of a cross piece of the framework of the lower jaw. The tendency of this weight, or any substitute thereof, is to force the lower jaw I against the surface of the mandrel. In order to withdraw this jaw from the mandrel at the proper time, I provide a cam (1 upon the main shaft, similar to the cam 19,

which operates the upper jaw. This cam g forces the rear end. (1 of the jaw upward, thereby lowering the end 1) and withdrawing it from the mandrel. The cam Q3 is some- ,what shorter than the cam 19 which operates the upper jaw, and by this means admits of the lower jaw P coming in contact with the mandrel before the upper jaw Pis operated, and immediately after the clamps or jaws of the mandrel holding the paper have passed the center line, in order that the paper may be taut and smooth upon the mandrel. The ends of each of the jaws are preferably made hollow to admit of the circulation of steam or hot air, conveyed thereto by means of suitable piping. Other means, however, may be employed for heating, as desired. The object of thus heating the jaws is to facilitate the drying of the paste upon the edge of the shell, and to iron the paper.

The construction of my mandrel, on which wedge R.

the body of the shell is formed, is shown particularly in Figs. 21, 25 and 26, and COllSdSlS of a hollow shaft provided with a longitudinal slot E This mandrel may be made of any suitable dimensions. If it is desired to make a shell of large diameter a large mandrel is employed; but if a shell of smaller diameter is desired, a mandrel correspondi ugly smaller in diameter is necessary. I the mandrel determines the diameter of the shell formed thereon. \Vhetherthemandrel is of l." ."ge or small diameter, one of its ends is so constructed that it may be firmly secured in auysuitable manner, as for instance, by threading, bolting or otherwise, to one end of the hollow shaft D. (Fig. 21.) red I)" passes through the mandrel shaft l), and is provided at its end adjacent to the mandrel with a socket, preferably square, and receiving the end of a rod e, which passes through the mandrel, and which is preferably square to correspond with the socket. Along this rod 6 are arranged, at intervals, any suitable number of jaws or clamps 6. These aws are preferably of the form illustrated n the drawings, (see Fig. 27,) wherein the aw is provided with a tooth 6 which is adapted to enter a corresponding recess in one side of the longitudinal slot E This tooth normally fits into this recess. Upon the rod D" is attached a spring (Z abutting at one end against a shoulder in the shaft 1), and at the other end against a pin upon such rod At any suitable place on this rod I provide a spiral groove (1", and preferably on the inner wall of the mandrel shaft, I arrange a pro jecting pin (1, adapted to fit into the spiral groove. Mounted in suitable guides, as 1, upon the table is a rod R, one of whose surfaces is inclined to form a wedge as shown in Fig. 12. The whole rod, however, I have termed a wedge. This wedge has one of lts ends turned at right angles, which terminates in a footr. Upon the disk 13 I secure two cams r and 0- whose object is to operate the It is to be observed that the positions of the cams relative to the disk which carries them is different for this reason. The object of the cam q" is to force the wedge to the left (see Fig. 2) and away from the disk, while the purpose of the other cam 2 s to draw the wedge inward toward the right. The action of the one is the reverse of the other.

The rod D in the hollow mandrel shaft is adapted to project outward therefrom, so that its end impinges upon the inclined surface of the wedge. \Vhen the cam 1" contacts with the end of the wedge, forcing it to the left, (see Fig. 2) it will be seen that the motion of the wedge will be communicated to 'the red I) at right angles, and thereby said rod will be forced inward. Inasmuch as the stationary pin (l rests in the groove (Z, the rod must necessarily rotate as it is forced inward against the tension of the spring (Z In this manner the rod 11 is rocked, and the jaws e,

The diameter of paper.

carried thereon, are likewise rocked. T he tendency of the spring (1 is to hold the jaws e, and the teeth thereon; in the recess at one.

side of the slot in the mandrel. The jaws are then-said to be closed, but when the rod l) is rocked, the rod e, which carries the aws and is received in the socket in the end of the rod, is also rocked, thereby removdo not, however, wish to limit myself to havin its'completed form.

ing the spiral groove in the rod, D and the p11], d in the shaft, as it is obvious that the desired rocking motion may be secured by cutting the spiral slot in the wall of the shaft, D, and having the pin, d fixed to the rod, D and entering the spiral slot.

The free end of the mandrel is preferably provided with a recess, S, preferably circular, into which the head of the plunger enters to effectually crease the folds in the bottom of the shell, injorder to prevent the unfolding thereof. The head, h ,on the end of the plunger is preferably removable, and the proper size canbe attached thereto to correspond with the recess in the mandrel; these mandrels being made of various sizes to form shells of various diameters. It is obvious, however, that the folds may be creased by simple contaotof, the piston against a man drel having its end made plain, and that other means besides the recess for forming a suitable crease may be used upon either the end of the mandrel orthe head ofthe'piston, although I prefer to use the recess as described. Although in vsome instances, I have specified the character of the material of which the various parts are constructed, I do not wish 'to limit myself to any particular materlal herein so specified; and although I prefer to construct my machine entirely of metal, any other material might be substituted for various parts therein.

Thevario'us parts being constructedand arranged as hereinbefore described and ex-- 'plalnethl'will now proceed to describe the operation of my machine, and follow-the various stages of the manufacture of the shell from its-inceptigp in the machine in its initial form, to its. expulsion from the mandrel As the first step in the operationthe-paper,

' .which is cut into the proper size and shape,

is placed fiat upon the periphery of the pastebox, where its lower side or, edge rests under the plates and upon the paste roller, whereby paste is-communicated thereto. The adjustable guide on the box determines its position to the right or left hand of the box, and con-- sequently determines its position on the mandrel. Power being now applied to the tight pulley is transmitted through the train of gears to the main shaft, which is thereby rotated. Through this rotation of the main shaft, the paste-box is caused to rock by meansof its connection with said shaft,

through the cranks and pitman before dcscribed. This rocking of the paste-box turns 0r rotates the paste roller in the paste-box, through'the intervention of the swinging frame and the pawl and ratchet atone end of thebox. Inthismannerthepaper,boingupon the upper side of the roller, receives paste along the edge on its lower side. But before, however, the paste-box has reached the limit of its downward movement, the rod m confacts or bears upon the upper face of the stationary bracket M, thus raising or rocking the plate or fingers M, which have heretofore reclined close upon the surface of the vessel and beneath the sheet of paper. The position of these fingers at this stage of the operation is .clearlycillustrated in dotted lines in the'drawings, (Fig. 6.) It is to be observed also by reference to this figure that the feeding mechanism, or carrier, is at its lowest position, an d that the hooks project beyond and into the periphery of the paste-box.

has commenced to return, the carrier begins to rise, being rocked by the rock shaft connected by means of the cranks and pitman to the main shaft A, as before explained. In thus rising the hooks a moving closely to the paste-box, pass through the interstices k of the plates 16, and through the'peripheral grooves 10 in the roller k. In this manner, by the further revolution or rocking of the the edge of the pasted end of the paper, removing it from the box,-and transferring it to the carrier. At the same time, the'upper edge of the paper, which, as before noticed,

While the box is still in this position, and before it 7 carrier, the hooks pass underneath and behind IIO has beentu'rned or raised by means of the automatic raised plate M, strikes against the curved or crescent-shaped fingers, which have just descended, to guide or direct the paper on its passage toward the mandrel. The sheet of paper has thereby been turned over, so that the pasted edge which was on the lower side is 'now on the upper side,-and is the last edge to reach the mandrel. When the carrier has reached the mandrel, the edge of the paper thereon is forced or thrust into the jaws of the mandrel or formergwhich areopened by the contact of the cam 7* against the wedge R, which bears against the rod D in the hollow shaft in the manner before explained. The other cam r also located on the disk B, which rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow, withdraws the wedge, allowing the jaws of the mandrel to close by the tension of the spring (1 in the hollow shaft, thereby gripping the paper which was thrust by the carrier into thejaws when open.- The various parts and devices of my machine now assume the posiengagement with the lock 01 on the flanged collar D must first be released therefrom.

This is accomplished by the action of the cam I), located upon the inner surface of the disk B, said cam being of a length sufiicient to hold the dog out of engagement the proper length of time. The mandrel shaftis now at liberty to rotate and the segmental gear then engages with the pinion D, rotating it together with the mandrel or former. During this rotation the following movements and operations occur: About the time when the paper is seized by the jaws of the mandrel, the lower pivoted sealing jaw P, which normally presses against the surface of the man- .drel, is forced downward therefrom against -.t ation.of the mandrel, the jaws holding the paper have passed the center line, the end q of the jaw is released from the cam, and the action of the weight, being now exerted, presses the end p of thesealing jaw P upon the mandrel and the paper being rolled thereon. The operation of the upper sealing jaw P is similar to the lower. As soon as the jaws e, in the mandrel, have rotated beyond the center above, the cam 19 upon the main shaft raises theend 10 of the sealing jaw P and thus lowers the other end P. The rotation of the mandrel continuing, the edges of the paper overlap, thus forming the tube or body of the shell. I'he rotation, however,

ceases when the segmental gear 13 has passed from engagement with the pinion D on the mandrel shaft, at which time its spring dog at engages with the notch 01 in the sleeveon the mandrel shal't. now about on the top of the mandrel and beneath the upper sealing jaw, which presses firmly upon said seam to prevent its opening,

while the succeeding operation of folding the bottom is progressing. It is understood, of course, that steam or any other means of heat.- ing is being supplied to the jaws, whose object is to facilitate the drying of the paste at the seam, and to remove or prevent all creases in the paper, thus insuring a tube with a perfectly tight seam, and of the exact size of the mandrel. operations the mechanism depending for its movements upon the other 'disk 0 begins to perform its functions. The dog 0 which nor mally engages with the notch in the disk 0 when such disk is in a state of rest, is released therefrom by the pressure of the cam 0 located upon the outer surface of the disk 0, The disk carrying or containing the camway F is now ready to rotate through the engagement of the peripheral segmental gear 0' with ply taken as preferable.

The seam of the tube is.

Next in the sequence of automatic the pinion G By this means, the fingers contained in the stationary disk 0 will be advanced toward and withdrawn from the center in their successive order by means of the pinsf traveling in the camway; 1t being borne in mind, as has been heretofore explained, that the material of the shell now in the ,form of a tube extends beyond the end of the mandrel, and into the open center of the folder a proper distance to supply sufiicient material for the formation of the end of the shell. As soon as the first finger has reached the center and folded its proportionate part of the end, the second finger will begin to advance, but only advancing part way toward the center to meet the first finger, 1n order to prevent the folded portion of the end from unfolding. It will be seen that when the first finger has been withdrawn, the second finger will be allowed to farther advance toward the center. This successive operation is repeated by the other fingers, which I have shown as five in number, although I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to that particular number, which I have sim- It is to be noticed in this connection that one of the fingers is provided with a spring f The object of this spring is to withdraw the finger more rapidly than it otherwise would have been in the ordinary course, by means of the camway. The reason of the necessity of this instant withdrawal of the finger is to allow the action of the reciprocating plunger H, which acts next in the seriesof automatic movements. As before described in detail, this plunger orheader is operated by the bell crank G, fulcrumed beneath the bed or table of the .machine. The finger g on the inner surface of the disk 0 engages with the projecting arm g located on the bar G and through the medium of the bell crank thrusts the plunger inward with considerable force against the folded end of the shell, which is thereby pressed into the recess in the end of the mandrel. In thisway, the folds are creased to efiectually prevent unfolding. The plunger, it isobvious, operates at the instant when the last finger is withdrawn in the folder, as above described. 1

*fractional rotation is produced by means of the short segmental gear 13*, the spring dog being released from engagement with the notch d by the cam b, preceding in action the segmental gear. After the fractional rot tion the dog engages with the other notch and prevents the shaft from rotating. The shell is nowin a finished condition, and ready to be expelled from the mandrel. This is acscribed in detail, imparts a reciprocating motion to such arm, and consequently to the sleeve E, which must therefore travel on the mandrel. In this way, the sleeve thus sliding along the mandrel and toward its end, removes or rather expels the completed shell. This operation is facilitated by means-of the spool-shaped carrier I, which is continually rotating on the short cross shaft operated by means of the friction pulley 2", contacting against the side of the disk 0. The sleeve is then-returned to its starting position by the further rotation of the-shaft b This action of the sleeve takes place automatically and intermittently at the proper determined intervals. This isthelast movement to be-observed in following the various stages of the manufacture of shells, as performed automatically by machinery embodying my invention.

quick succession thereof, I.will here state that the time usually required for the formation of the shell through the various stages as I have already described them is less than twb seconds when the machine is operating at a moderate speed, asI have determined .in-

practice.

All the operations of the machine, I-have herein described them, are performed in one revolution of the main shaft A.

In the construction of my machine, as shown I in the drawings, the long segm'ental gear B on the disk 13 gives the pinion D, and consequently the mandrel E, a one and three quarters rotation while the short segmental gear B turns the same parts a fraction of one rotation, which amounts to approximately a quarter. The sum of these two movements amounts to about twocomplete rotations of the pinion D'an-d mandrel E. The number 0f teeth on the segmental gears, however, may

be changed to vary the amount of rotation of the mandrel, the exact construction shown in the drawings being simply a preferable one, to which I; do not wish to limit myself.

Then the perfect shell has been expelledfrom the mandreland the sleeve has been returned, another sheet ofpaper, which has previously been through the first operations described, is instantly gripped by the jaws of the mandrel, and the {same operations as before will be repeated.

In Fig.28I have shown 1n perspective a completed shell,wherein is clearly represented To obtain some conception of the rapidity of action of the various parts and the folds and the circular crease made by the; compact of the plunger against the bottom.

It is to be observed that it is necessary to have the many parts and attachments so nicely arranged and timed that the various movements will occur at the proper time.

After the laying of the sheet of paper upon the paste-box, all the movements and operations toward the formation of the shell are entirel y automatic, and the finished product of the machine cannot be equalled in any respect by the result of manual labor. The amount of production is limited only' by mec'hanical considerations.

Although I have described. various forms and details of construction, I do not desire to be understood as limiting myself thereto, but desire to deviate therefrom as convenient, or as circumstances may suggest or render expedient. I have simply shown and described a preferable construction andjarrangement' of parts, butamwell aware that changes may be made in the exact location and precise form of many of the parts, the. proportions .thereof altered and equivalents substituted therefor without departing from the'spirit of my invention, which consists in the apparatus for automatically making shells for dynamite or other substances from a sheet of the proper material cut into the proper size..

What I regard as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a machine for making shells, the coinbinationof a mandreladapted to form the body of-ashell, and means for making consecutive folds in the bottom thereof, substantially as described.

"2. In a machine for making shells, the de vice for making the bottom of the shells, which consists of a frame, fingers supported therein,

and means for operating said fingers consecutively to fold the bottom. of the shell, substantially asdescribe'd.

3. In a shell making machine, the device for folding the bottom of the shell, which consists of a frame, fingers arranged therein and radiating from a common center, and means for advancing and withdrawing said fingers consecutively, substantiallyas described.

4. ha shell making machine, the device for-folding the bottom of the shell, which consists of a stationary disk, radiating fingers. operating therein, a rotatable cam way, and pins onsaid fingersadapted to enter the cam Way,whereby as the c'amway rotates the fin gers, will advance and retreat from the common center, substantially as described.

' 5. In a shell making machine, the device forlf'olding'the bottom of'the shell, which consists of a stationary disk provided with a hollow center, radiating fingers operating in said disk, and meanswhereby the fingers may be consecutively advanced and withdrawn from the common center, substantially as described.

IIO

6. In a shell making machine, a device for' folding the bottom of the shell, which con,- sists of a disk provided with an opening at its center of greaterdiame'ter than that of the shell, fingers radiating from such. center,

and means whereby such fingers may be consecutivelyadvanoed and withdrawn to told the'end of the shell,'s ubstantially as described..

7. In a shell making machine, a device for "folding the bottom of the shell, which consists of a disk having an opening at its center of greater diameter than that of the shell and having a cam way therein,.a.frame support.

ing radiating fingers, pins on said fingers adapted to travel in such cam-way, and means for rotatingsaid disk, whereby the fingers will be caused to successively advance and retreat from the center of the shell, substantially as described.

8. In ashell making machine, the combination of a movable disk provided with a camway, astationary disk supporting radiating fingers, saidfingers being provided with pins adapted to enter said cam-way, whereby as the movable disk is rotated thefingerswill; advance and retreat in successive order to and fromthe center of the disk, substantially as described.

9. In a shell making machine, the combination of a-mandrelto form the body of the shell, and a device for folding the end of the shell, which consists of arotatable disk provided witha canrwayhaving predetermined portions thereof on a line of the circumfen ence of a circle drawn from the center of said disk, and fingers suitably supported and act uated by the contour of the cam-way, whereby the fingers will be in a state of rest for pre- 1 determined intervals of time during the rotation of the disk, substantially as described.

10. In a shell making machine, the combination of a mandrel to form the body of the shell, 9. frame, movable fingers supported therein and adapted to advance and retreat successively, and adevicefor advancing and withdrawing the fingers toand from a common center, which consists of a rotatable disk provided with a cam-way having one portion thereof approximately on a line of a radius.

from the common center, and means for retracting one of the fingers, substantially as described.- i

11. The combination of a movable disk provided with a cam-way, fingers radiating from a common center and provided with pins entering said cam-way, means for supporting said fingers, and means whereby one of saidter by the action of said cam-way against the tension of the spring, substantiallyas de scribed.

13. In apparatus for the automatic manufacture of shells, the combination'ota movable disk provided with a cam-way, a portion of which follows approximately a'.line-of a radius from the center of said disks, a sta tionary disk, fingers supported therein and adapted to be advanced and withdrawn readily to and from a common center, pins secured to said fingers and adapted to enter said camway, a spring attached togone of said fingers, whereby when said portion of the cam-way which is approximately on a line of a radius lel to the axis of .the spring actuated finger,

:said finger will be withdrawn from the common center by the. tension of the .springto its normal position, substantially as described.

. 14. In an apparatus for the automatic man ufacture of shells, a carrier comprising a curved 1 plate having flanged sides, arms secured theretoand mounted on a rock shaft, means from the center ofthe movable diskisparalfor supporting the paper while on the plate, I

and means whereby said plate may be adj usted on said arms, substantially as described.

15. In apparatus for the automatic manw facture of shells, the combination of a rotatable mandrel, a. sleeveloosel'y mounted on said mandrel, arotatable disk provided with seg-' mental gear to rotate said mandrel at intervals, internal segmen tal-gear arranged on said disk, apinion adapted to engage therewith and rotating a shaft, means whereby said shaft may be prevented from rotating at predetermined intervals, a pitm an connection secured to said shaft and attached to said sleeve on the mandrel, whereby as the pitman is operated the sleeve will move longitudinally along said mandrel, substantially as described. r

16. In apparatus for the automatic manufacture of shells, thecombination of a rotatable mandrel, a sleeve loosely mounted thereon,

- a rotatable disk provided with segmental gear to rotate said mandrel at intervals, internal segmental gear arrangedon said disk, a pinion-adapted to engage therewith and rotating a shaft, a dogengagi-ng with locks on said pinion, cams on said disk to release said dog, a crank secured to said shaft,apitman thereon, a sleeve secured to said pitman and travcling 1n gu1des, a forked arm connected to said sleeve ergaging with a groove on the sleeve mounted on the mandrel, substantially as described. 17. In apparatus for the automatic manufacture of shells, the combination of a mandrel mounted on a table, a pivoted sealing jawadapted to press on said mandrel, a hanger secured to said table, a lever fulcru med thereon and carrying a weight at one end, and a rod connected to the other end and passing through an opening in such table to press upward'against the framework of the jaw, where- IIO ceases by the-end of the jaw may press upon the surface of the mandrel, substantially as described.

I 18. In apparatus for the automatic manufacture of shells, the combination of a rotatable mandrel to form the body of the shell, and

"two sealing jaws to compress .the paper on.

vice for creasing the bottom, which comprises a reciprocating piston mounted in a framework, an arm attached the'rete-and connected with a rod,'a bell crank carrying said rod on one arm, and means whereby 'such bell crank may be operated at desired intervals, substantially as described 20. wInapparatus for the automatic manufacture of shells, the combination of a mandrel adapted to form the body of the shell and provided with a recess atone end, mechanism for folding the'bottoin thereof, and a device for creasing the bottom or the shell, which [comprises a piston reciprocating-in a suitable framework, an arm attachedthoreto and con- I nected with a rod, a bell crank carrying said the shell, substantially as des'cribed.

rod on one arm, a sliding bar: connected to the other end of said :bell crank, a projecting arm on said bar, a rotatable disk provided with a finger to engage with said; projecting arm, whereby as the disk is rotated the piston will be forced'forward against the end 0 21. In apparatusfor-the automatic manufacture of shells, thecofnbiuation of a pastebox provided with a roller communicating with theiuterior thereof and projecting beyond its surface, a ratchet wheel secured to the end of such roller, a'slotted frame swinging on said rolle'rand carrying pawl engaging with said ratchet wheel, a'stationary pin upon which the slotted frame slides, and means for roeking'th'e paste-box,whereby the roller will be rotated, substantially as described. I r.

22. Inapparatus forthe automatic manu- 'factu re of shells, the combination of a pastebox provided with a longitudinal slot, plates arranged near the edgerof said'sl'ot and having interstices between them, a roller rotating in said slot and provided 'with peripheral grooves corresponding with said interstices, a carrier mounted ona'roclg shaft and provided with hooks for holdingthe edge of the paper, said hooks adapted tomove along said grooves, and means for rocking said pastebox and carrier, whereby theycarrier will remove the paper from the paste-box to itself, substantially as described.

23. In apparatus for the automatic manufacture of shells, the combination of a pastebox having stops on one of its surfaces, a paste roller adjacent to said stops, a plate piv oted on said box and adapted to raise one end of the paper placed on the box,and means for rocking said plate, substantially as described.

24. In apparatus forthe automatic manufacture of shells, a paste-box having a roller communicating with the interior and exterior thereof, means for rocking said pastebox,

means forholding the edge of .the paper over the paste roller, means whereby such roller may be rotated when the box-is rocked, a plate pivoted upon such box, a stationary independent bracket, and a rod connected to the plate, whereby as the box is rocked the rod will contact said bracket to raise the plate above the surface of the box, substantially as described.

25. In apparatus forthe automatic manufact-ure of shells, a mandrel to form the body of the shell, a guide for the passage of the paper to the mandrel, which consists of a pivoted arm provided with curved fingers, means whereby such arm may be raised and lowered at predetermined intervals, and means for feeding the paper along the guide to the mandrel, substantially as described. 7

26. In apparatus for the automatic manufacture of shells, the combination of-.a mandrel, a pivoted arm provided at its free end' with fingers, mechanism for feeding the paper along the fingers to the mandrel, a cam on said shaft, a lug secured to said arm and contacting such cam, whereby the fingers may be raised and lowerediat predetermined intervals to guide the'paper from the feeding mechanism and guide it to the mandrel, substantially as described. I

27. In apparatus for the automatic manufacture of shells, the combination of a mandrel, a paste vessel adjacent thereto, a paste roll therein for pasting an'edge of a sheet of paper placed thereon, means for rocking said vessel, and means for; conveying the paper from said vessel tothe mandrel, substantially,

as described.

28. In apparatus for the automatic manu-' facture of shells, the combinationv of a paste vessel, a paste roll therein for pasting an edge of a sheet of paper placed thereon, said vessel being mounted. on a rock shaft, a carrier mounted on a rock shaft, mechanism forrocking the carrier in advance of the paste vessel, whereby as the carrier is rocked the paper will be transferred from said vessel to the carrier, substantially as described.

29. In apparatus for the automatic manufacture of shells, the combination of a'paste Vessel, a paste roll thereon adapted to paste an edge of a sheet of paper placed thereon, a rock shaft attached to said vessel, a crank and a pitman connected to the main shaft and to said rock shaft, a carrier mounted on a rock shaft, a crank, and a connector connectingit to said main shaft, the latter crank be.- 

